Rotary Youth Exchange
District 9780
Home| Login | Contact
Exchange Program
Exchange Countries
 - Brazil
 - Canada
 - Denmark
 - England
 - Finland
 - France
 - Germany
 - Japan
 - Sweden
 - Switzerland
 - Thailand
 - USA
District Events
Club News
Student News
District Committee



England

Until recently England was generally thought of as a gentle, fabled land freeze-framed sometime in the 1930s, home of the post office, country pub and vicarage. It's now better known for vibrant cities with great nightlife and attractions, contrasted with green and pleasant countryside.

From Stonehenge and Tower Bridge to Eton and Oxford, England is loaded with cherished icons of past eras. But it also does modernity with a confidence and panache left over from its days in the never-setting sun. Fashion, fine dining, clubbing, shopping - England's rates with the world's best.

History & Geography
England has such a vast history that it is impossible to summarize it here so please see links http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_England
http://www.britannia.com/history/narintrohist.html

England

Click on map for larger view
England comprises the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain, plus offshore islands of which the largest is the Isle of Wight. It is bordered to the north by Scotland and to the west by Wales. It is closer to continental Europe than any other part of Britain, divided from France only by a 52 km (24 statute mile or 21 nautical mile) sea gap. The Channel Tunnel, near Folkestone, directly links England to the European mainland. The English/French border is halfway along the tunnel.

Most of England consists of rolling hills, but it is more mountainous in the north with a chain of low mountains, the Pennines, dividing east and west. The dividing line between terrain types is usually indicated by the Tees-Exe line. There is also an area of flat, low-lying marshland in the east, the Fens, much of which has been drained for agricultural use.

 

Demographics
England has a temperate climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round, though the seasons are quite variable in temperature. However, temperatures rarely fall below −5 °C (23 °F) or rise above 30 °C (86 °F). The prevailing wind is from the southwest, bringing mild and wet weather to England regularly from the Atlantic Ocean. It is driest in the east and warmest in the south, which is closest to the European mainland. Snowfall can occur in Winter and early Spring, though it is not that common away from high ground.

The cost of living varies from one part of the UK to another. Generally it is more expensive to live in London and the south-east of England, and cheaper up north.

Education
Education is free for all children from 5 to 18 .

The school year is 39 weeks long and is divided into six terms:

  • September to October
  • October to December
  • January to February
  • February to March
  • April to May
  • June to July

Main School holidays are:

Christmas 2 weeks - Spring 2 weeks - Summer 6 weeks

English children are required to attend school until they are 16 years old. At the age of 16, students write an examination called the GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education). All students are tested in mathematics, English literature, English composition, chemistry, biology, physics, history or the Classics, one modern language, and one other subject, such as art or computer studies.

After completing the GCSE, some students leave school, others go onto technical college, whilst others continue at high school for two more years and take a further set of standardized exams, known as A levels, in three or four subjects. These exams determine whether a student is eligible for university.

Politics/Government

Queen Elizabeth

Queen Elizabeth II
There has not been a Government of England since 1707, when the Kingdom of England merged with the Kingdom of Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, although both kingdoms have been ruled by a single monarch since 1603. Prior to the Acts of Union of 1707, England was ruled by a monarch and the Parliament of England.The Scottish and Welsh governing institutions were created by the UK parliament with strong support from the majority of people of Scotland and Wales, and are not independent of the rest of Britain.

However, this gave each country a separate and distinct political identity, leaving England (83% of the UK population) as the only part of Britain directly ruled in nearly all matters by the British government in London.

Her Majesty's Government, or when the Sovereign is male, His Majesty's Government, abbreviated HMG or HM Government, is the formal title used by the Government of the United Kingdom. It is called "Her/His Majesty's Government" since in the UK executive authority is theoretically vested in the monarch and exercised through his or her ministers. In effect, the government is an executive authority consisting of the Sovereign's ministers. In British usage, the term "government" does not relate to Parliament or the Courts. As such the term government refers to the executive branch alone. Her Majesty's Government is headed by the Prime Minister and also includes the Cabinet and junior ministers.

Queen - Elizabeth II
Prime Minister - Gordon Brown
Religion/Municipalities
England Regions

Each region has a Government Office (with some responsibility for industry, employment, training, agriculture, transport and the environment) and associated institutions, including a Regional Development Agency. As there are no regional elections, outside London, local representatives on regional assemblies are nominated by the councils within each region and 30% of members represent regional stakeholders.

Each regional assembly makes proposals for the UK members of the Committee of the Regions, with members drawn from the elected councillors of the local authorities in the region. The final nominations are made by central government.


Customs

British are said to be reserved in manners, dress and speech, famous for politeness, self-discipline, promptness and especially for a sense of humour.
Visit this website for a few Do's and Don'ts in England - social customs

Culture

England has a vast and influential culture that encompasses elements both old and new. The modern culture of England is sometimes difficult to identify and separate clearly from the culture of the wider United Kingdom, so intertwined are its composite nations.

Food
Traditional English dishes have had competition from other dishes over the years. Despite this, if you visit England, you will still be served up the traditional foods we have been eating for years.
  • Bangers & Mash (sausages & mashed potato's)
  • Yorkshire Pudding (like a scone served with main meals)
  • Black Pudding (blood sausage)
  • Pork Pie (served cold)
Family Life
Family life in England is fairly typical of other westernized countries. The average family has one or two children and in many families both parents work. British families are generally close knit and spend much of their family time pursuing social/sporting activities.
Quick Facts
National Name
United Kingdom of Great Britain


Capital City
London

National Anthem
God Save the Queen


Primary Languages
English


Other Languages Spoken
English



Population
50,710,000

(2007 estimate)


Monetary unit:
Pound sterling (GBP)



Ethnicity/Race
Scandinavian



Religion
Christianity: 71.6%
Islam: 3.1%
Hindu: 1.1%
Sikh: 0.7%
Jewish: 0.5%
Buddhist: 0.3%
No Faith: 22.3%



Land Area:
130,395 km²



Climate
Summer 22 to 30°C
Winter +2 to -3°C


Sports
cricket, soccer, rugby (union and league), tennis and badminton


Public Holidays
New Year's Day Jan 1
Good Friday Apr
Easter Monday Apr
May Day
May
Spring May
August August
Christmas Day Dec 25
Boxing Day Dec 26













Famous English
William Shakespeare
Chales Dickens
Winston Churchill
J R R Tolkien
Agatha Christie
Charles Darwin
The Beatles
Captain James Cook
David Bowie
David Beckham
Robbie Williams
And many many more..

International Calling Code
+44